1. We have two standard forms of treatment for depression: antidepressant medication and psychological therapy. But over the last 30 years these treatments have not reduced either the prevalence of, or the disability caused by, depression: it is likely to remain a significant and largely intractable mental health problem. There are three key issues here: access, compliance and relapse. Access to treatment tends to be restricted to the minority of people who live in urban areas of wealthy countries. But even those who have access to care do not always comply with treatment recommendations – for many understandable reasons. To compound all this, high numbers of people who respond well to treatment later relapse: this is one of the reasons why depression remains so widespread. Which one of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the above argument?
2. In many countries of the world, religious and political institutions have been the main providers of mass education for children. Their motivation for founding schools has, of course, been to promote their own ideologies and recruit followers. But children at school are vulnerable and impressionable, and therefore need to be protected from having ideologies imposed upon them. Education is fundamentally incompatible with indoctrination and the promotion of particular worldviews. So the education provided in schools should be based on scientific atheism rather than religion or politics. Which one of the following is an underlying assumption of the above argument?
3. What is the secret of success? The question is as old as philosophy itself. The Greeks argued that it boiled down to the possession and exercise of certain character traits, such as generosity and bravery. But new research emerging from social psychology suggests you have to be self confident to be successful. The study, involving over 200 successful people from all walks of life, comprised detailed interviews and the observation of mental and physical problem solving. The research found that all of the participants had a strong belief in their own abilities and persevered in the face of challenges because they thought they could do it. If you want to be successful, then, you must have faith in your own abilities. Which one of the following is the best statement of the flaw in the above argument?
4. The presence of a mind requires the presence of self-consciousness. Machines do not have self-consciousness, therefore machines do not have minds. Which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning used in the above argument?
5. Individuals accept deliberate harm being done to human beings and other living creatures for a variety of reasons. Whether it is self-defence, the need to kill animals for food, or some other reason, many – if not most – people who consider themselves to have ‘good morals’ will generally agree to the intentional killing of other beings if there is adequate justification for doing so. However, one cannot justify killing without complete knowledge of what those who are killed go through. Thus, people who choose to eat meat should find out about how the animals they consume are reared and killed. Otherwise, people cannot truly accept full responsibility for their decision-making. Which one of the following best illustrates the principle used in the above argument?
6. Six sacks each consist of one kind of fruit: apples, oranges or limes. The weights of the sacks are: 8 kg, 13 kg, 17 kg, 18 kg, 22 kg, 24 kg. The total weight of all the apples is twice the total weight of all the limes, and there is only one sack of oranges. What is the weight of the sack of oranges?
7. There are 10 students in a class and they like visiting each other. A visit means that one student visits the home of another student. We know that each student in the class has visited the same number of students. No two students in the class have both visited each other. What is the maximum number of students that a student in this class could have visited?
8. I am planning a one-way flight and I can fly with one of the following five companies.
Non rispondere
9. Volunteers for a coastal conservation charity have cleaned beaches since the late 1990s and have recorded the number of items collected. Three items found on the beach by volunteers which have seen an increase are shown below in the table.
Non rispondere
10. On a volcanic island, scientists plan to install sensors to monitor ground motions and predict volcanic activity. The outline of the island is shown below. The shaded area in the middle is the volcano.
Non rispondere
11. Which one of the following spoke to the United Nations on 12th July 2013 to call for a worldwide access to education?
12. Which of the following dancing traditions is NOT correctly matched to its place of origin?
13. Which one of the following novels was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953?
14. Which of the following European languages is NOT categorised as a Slavic language?
15. Which of the following philosophers is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy?
16. Amongst the following modern-day countries, which never had any region form part of the Roman Empire?
17. Which one of the following chemical elements was discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie?
18. Which of the following European countries does NOT recognise a denomination of Christianity as its state religion?
19. Which one of the following succeeded Jean-Claude Juncker as President of the European Commission on 1 December 2019?
20. Which of the following countries never had a female prime minister in the 20th century?
1 di 3 21. Which diagram shows the correct hydrogen bonds between bases of a section of DNA?
22. The effect of temperature and pH on the activity of each of the enzymes P and Q was investigated. When investigating the effect of temperature, the optimum pH for each enzyme was used. This was 4.5 for P and 9.5 for Q. When investigating the effect of pH, the optimum temperature for each enzyme was used. This was 55 °C for P and 25 °C for Q. Using this information, which graph could show the results from one of these investigations?
23. Which of the following could be found within a molecule that has just been made by transcription in a healthy human pancreatic cell?
24. The following diagram shows a U-tube at the start of an experiment. It contains two solutions, separated by a membrane. Both solutions contain sucrose, glucose and maltose in water. The membrane allows the passage of water and all three sugars.
Non rispondere
25. Glycoproteins are formed from amino acids and carbohydrates. What is the order in which organelles are used to make membrane-associated glycoproteins?
26. Which row shows the site of alcohol fermentation in yeast and the site of lactic acid fermentation in human muscle cells?
27. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is/are correct?
The site of the light-dependent reactions is the thylakoids and the products of these reactions include ATP and oxygen. The site of the light-independent reactions is the stroma and the products of these reactions include carbohydrates and carbon dioxide. Chlorophyll that is embedded in the chloroplast outer membrane uses light to split water molecules. Non rispondere 28. The photomicrograph shows a section of a plant root tip with cells showing different stages of the cell cycle. Five of the cells have been labelled. Which cell (1-5) shows anaphase?
29. A male child has haemophilia. Neither parent has the condition. The parents have a second child. Which of the following statements could be correct about this family?
There is a 25% chance that the second child is a boy with haemophilia. There is a 75% chance that the second child does not show the condition. There is a 50% chance that the mother is a carrier. [Assume no other mutations.]
Non rispondere 30. There is an inherited condition in cats that leads to them having six toes rather than five toes on each paw. The allele that causes six toes is dominant. The pedigree diagram shows the inheritance of this condition in a family of cats. Three of the cats have been labelled.
Cat P could be homozygous for the condition. Over two generations, 12 cats were produced in the cross-breeding. Breeding cat Q with cat R could produce 3 offspring, each with a different genotype. Non rispondere 31. The diagrams each show a section of the cell surface membrane to illustrate the fluid mosaic model. Which diagram is most accurate?
KEY:Non rispondere
32. Which of the following changes occur during contraction of the atria in a healthy human heart?
33. The diagram shows a glomerulus and part of a nephron in the kidney of a healthy human.
Which of the following cause(s) water to move from the glomerulus into the tubule?
An increase in pressure caused by the left ventricle of the heart. The effect of blood proteins on the direction of osmosis. An increase in pressure of the liquid in the tubule. Non rispondere 34. Drug Q reduces the release of vasopressin (ADH) into the bloodstream of a healthy human. Which organ releases ADH into the blood, and what is the effect of drug Q on the concentration of urea in the urine? [Assume that the production of urea remains constant.]
35. In the nervous system, which of the following pairs work in opposition to each other to control their target organs?
2 di 3 36. Which of the following acids is/are weak?
37. Which of the following particles has the same number of neutrons as the ⁷⁹₃₅Br⁻ ion?
38. Equal volumes of liquids are mixed as the following pairs:
Heptane and hexane Water and methanol Hexane and water Which of the pairs form(s) a homogenous mixture?
Non rispondere 39. Consider the following general equation that describes one way of synthesising a particular type of BIOFUEL, represented by Y. X represents a neutral (uncharged) organic molecule involved in the reaction.
Addition of an enzyme is an essential condition. Y is an ester. X contains an alcohol group. Non rispondere 40. Which of the following substances in pure liquid form has/have hydrogen bonds between their molecules?
41. In which of the following does the central atom share all of its outer shell electrons?
[Atomic numbers: H = 1; B = 5; C = 6; N = 7; O = 8; F = 9]
Non rispondere 42. In which of the following reactions does HCl act as a reducing agent?
3 di 3 
